Drug therapy in hospitalized patients with very severe symptoms following COVID-19

Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: To treat COVID-19, the first choice should be antiviral drugs and sometimes a small dose of anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce inflammation. In this regard, chloroquine has both features including antiviral activity and anti-inflammatory effect.Copyright © 2020 The Author(s);.

Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with covid-19 who died in modarres hospital

BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV2 as a century concern affecting public health. AIM: This study aimed to find the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients died following COVID-19 development at Modarres Hospital, Tehran, Iran. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 62 patients died following COVID-19 were studied in terms of age, gender, body mass index, comorbidity, symptoms, liver profile, lipid profile, hemoglobin, platelet, white blood cell, lymphocytes, neutrophils, C-reaction protein, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), creatine phosphokinase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), potassium, magnesium, and sodium. RESULTS: The results showed that 71% of patients were male and 69.4% had positive PCR test indicating low sensitivity of the test;90.3% of patients were above 60 years old;56.5 of patients had lymphocytopenia;the mean age was 67.62 ± 15.07 years;with symptoms lasting 6.24 days. The mean serum creatinine and BUN were 3.18 g/ dl and 125.9 mg/dl, respectively, indicating renal involvement. All patients had pulmonary involvement accompanied by other organ involvements. Regarding symptoms, 72% of patients showed fever. Some affected patients had diarrhea, lethargy, and fatigue. A comparison of comorbidities by gender showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: According to our results, the majority of patients were overweight. In people who are more than 60 years, multi-organ failure was notable. Fever, cough, and shortness of breath were dominant symptoms like other studies, but neurological complications following COVID-19 as meningoencephalitis is possible that can be used as a differential diagnosis. We did not found differences between male and female regarding comorbidity, symptoms, and mortality rate.

Lessons of mortality following covid-19 epidemic in the united states especially in the geriatrics

COVID-19 is spreading all around the world, and is considered as the most widespread infectious disease of the century. Coronavirus transmits through respiratory droplets when in close contact with the infected person. Therefore, populous places are more likely to be the source of the novel coronavirus that is threatening the health of everyone especially the geriatric population. This study aimed to compare the transmission of coronavirus between metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties as lessons of mortality (especially in geriatric) following COVID-19 epidemic. The USAFact.org public website (https://usafacts.org/visualizations) was used to determine the transmission between metro and non-metropolitan counties. In this study, four different time periods were considered for the COVID-19 incremental trend (April 1, May 1, June 1, and July 1, 2020). The number of cases was determined per each 10,000 population. Yellow color means no case in the metropolitan county (metro). Orange color means less than 10 cases/10,000 of the population in metro. Figure and maps were used to show the objectives of the study. In metropolitan counties, the spread of COVID-19 is very fast, which is significantly different from the non-metro counties (P 0.001). The results show the sharp increasing trend of infected people in metropolitan counties. In metropolitan counties the number of infected people reached 2 420 316 cases per 10 000 populations but the number of infected people reached 231 459 cases per 10 000 populations. Over the four months period, the frequency of the light colors was decreased. According to the results, susceptible people especially the elderly should move to non-metropolitan counties during the COVID-19 pandemic to be less likely at risk. © 2021 The Author(s).

Is coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with renal involvement? A review of century infection

Context: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is one of the most threatening pandemics in history involving multiple organs, including the kidney. This study aimed to review the association of COVID-19 with renal involvement. Evidence Acquisition: International databases, including the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched for articles by April 1, 2020. Keywords were COVID-19, coronavirus disease, SARS-CoV-2, kidney, renal function, acute kidney injury, and acute renal failure, or a combination of them in title/abstracts. Results: There were a few studies concerning COVID-19 and renal failure due to the short time elapsed from the epidemic onset. The results showed that hematuria and proteinuria were common in patients with COVID-19. Conclusions: Patients with elevated creatinine are at risk of mortality two times more than patients with normal creatinine. Also, elevated BUN, proteinuria, and hematuria can increase the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19 up to four times compared to patients with normal tests. Therefore, it is important to check creatinine, BUN, proteinuria, and hematuria in primary assessments. Generally, all routine measures for people affected with COVID-19 can be done for COVID-19 patients with acute renal failure until the current knowledge is changed. Chloroquine phosphate may improve the chance of treatment.

Clinical display, diagnostics and genetic implication of novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic.

COVID-19 pandemic can cause irreparable damage to the involved society. This study aimed to provide a summary of the up-to-dated clinical display, diagnostics, molecular and genetic implications for COVID-19 infected patients. In this review, 73 research articles published before 25 March 2020 were analyzed to better understand the clinical characteristics of patients and to introduce the available serological, hematology and molecular diagnostic methods. Apart from articles extracted from PubMed and Google Scholar, WHO (https://www.who.int/), NHC (National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (http://www.nhc.gov.cn/), NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, https://www.nice.org.uk/), CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/), and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (http://www.satcm.gov.cn/) were also accessed to search for eligible studies. Papers published between January 1, 2020, and 25 March 2020 were searched in English and the terms "2019-nCoV, Covid-19, Clinical Characteristics OR manifestation, method of detection, COVID-19 Genome and molecular test" were used. As the pandemic continues to evolve, there have been reports about the possibility of asymptomatic transmission of this newly emerged pneumonia virus. We highlighted the role of HLA haplotype in virus infection as HLA typing will provide susceptibility information for personalized prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in future studies. All the data in this article will assist researchers and clinicians to develop their clinical views regarding infected patients and to emphasize the origin of SARS-CoV-2 for diagnostics.